The PAPI rankings were announced in Hanoi on Wednesday.

PAPI, a flagship governance program initiated by the United Nations Development Programs in Vietnam since 2009, measures and benchmarks citizens’ experiences and perception on the performance and quality of policy implementation and services delivery of all 63 provincial governments in Vietnam to advocate for effective and responsive governance.

The eight evaluation criteria include: Participation at Local Levels; Transparency; Vertical Accountability; Control of Corruption; Public Administrative Procedures; Public Service Delivery; Environmental Governance; and E-governance.

This year, more than 14,700 Vietnamese citizens randomly selected nationwide participated in the survey and assessment of the PAPI Index, the largest number ever.