The WHO this month proposed a second phase of studies into the origins of the coronavirus in China, including audits of laboratories and markets in the city of Wuhan, calling for transparency from authorities.
Zeng Yixin, vice minister of the National Health Commission, told reporters that China will not accept such an origins-tracing plan as it, in some aspects, disregards common sense and defies science.
Zeng said he was taken aback when he first read the WHO plan because it lists the hypothesis that a Chinese violation of laboratory protocols had caused the virus to leak during research.
The head of the WHO said earlier in July that investigations into the origins of the COVID-19 pandemic in China were being hampered by the lack of raw data on the first days of spread there.
Zeng reiterated China's position that some data could not be completely shared due to privacy concerns.
The White House said it is "deeply disappointed" in China's decision.
China is not living up to its obligations by trying to block further investigation, according to White House press secretary Jen Psaki, who spoke at a briefing for reporters on Thursday.